How to Stop Acting

  For my wife, Sandra,

  who taught me how to live

  O, for a muse of fire that would ascend The brightest heaven of invention

  —William Shakespeare

  I am certain of nothing but the holiness of the heart’s affections and the truth of imagination—what the imagination seizes as beauty must be truth—whether it existed before or not.

  —John Keats, letter to Benjamin Bailey, 22 November 1817

  Table of Contents

  Title Page

  Epigraph

  INTRODUCTION

  PROLOGUE

  1 - TAKING IT OFF THE PAGE

  Suggestions for Practice

  2 - EXPLORING THE ROLE TO UNCOVER THE CHARACTER

  Work from the Negative

  Use the Double Negative

  Make Strong Choices

  Take the Script at Its Word

  Break the Rhythm

  Let the Script Guide the Research

  Suggestions for Practice

  3 - I WANT THIS PART. HOW CAN I GET IT?

  Ignore the Casting Description

  Don’t Memorize

  Prepare for Auditions by Taking the Other Characters’ Lines Off the Page

  Dress to Feel the Part, Not to Look the Part

  Don’t Work Yourself into an Emotional State

  Come with Your Own Agenda

  Give Them Many Choices

  Do Only One Thing at a Time

  Work with What the Reader Gives You

  Attack Your Fear

  Take Control of the Audition

  Suggestions for Practice

  4 - ON STAGE IN REHEARSAL AND IN PERFORMANCE

  IN REHEARSAL

  IN PERFORMANCE

  5 - ACTING IN FILM AND TELEVISION

  PREPARING THE ROLE BEFORE FILMING BEGINS

  ON SET

  ACTING IN EPISODIC TELEVISION

  GETTING TO BIG EMOTIONAL MOMENTS

  6 - PLAYING THE GREAT ROLES

  BUILDING EMOTIONAL RANGE

  DEALING WITH SHAKESPEARE’S LANGUAGE

  EPILOGUE

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

  Copyright Page

  INTRODUCTION

  I have always felt indirectly responsible for Harold Guskin becoming an acting teacher. Harold was an actor and director and my fellow member in a theater company when we were in college. One day, he was leading me and two other actors through an improvisation. I was so bad that he stopped the exercise and more or less announced that he couldn’t take it anymore. He told us that before he directed us in another play, he was going to teach us how to act.

  We had been studying acting, reading our Stanislavski, observing the masters, performing in plays, and doing a pretty fair job of imitating what we thought acting looked and sounded like. But it wasn’t the real thing, and we knew it. What Harold taught us was very complicated and very simple. He reconnected us to ourselves and painstakingly disconnected us from the time-honored hack-neyed acting grammar in which we floundered and flailed. “Stop acting,” he would say continually. I told Harold he should call his book How to Stop Acting.

  Harold has the uncanny ability to guide actors through their rawest selves toward the most important and interesting truths through the text. The text is the source and the actor is the resource to the text. He taught us how to respond instinctively to the text but more importantly, to take personal responsibility for the text. A whole new world suddenly opened up for us. And all this was just on the first day.

  I don’t think anyone can teach a person how to act. I think ultimately we teach ourselves. But Harold gave me a compass with a true north, put me on a path, taught me how to navigate, and, best of all, taught me the sheer joy that acting can bring to those of us who are blessed and cursed enough to pursue it.

  —Kevin Kline

  PROLOGUE

  I was twenty-five years old when I sneaked into my first acting class. I was finishing my studies at the Manhattan School of Music while performing professionally as a trombonist in symphony orchestras. But although I loved music, I didn’t feel fulfilled. I found myself spending most of my time going to plays, both on and off Broadway. I was reading Stanislavski, and the plays of Anton Chekhov, Eugene O’Neill, Tennessee Williams, Arthur Miller, Samuel Beckett, and Jean Genet. Finally, I sneaked into this class.

  When the teacher asked for someone to go on stage to do an improvisation, my hand flew up in the air. I volunteered so quickly because I was afraid that once I saw someone else on that stage, I would be too shy to go up. So up I went, with no real idea what an acting improvisation was.

  I was to come in the door—a real door, upstage center. I was to do an improvisation that would tell the audience what the weather was outside.

  For some reason, while I was backstage my imagination took off. I saw myself in the Irish countryside on a cold, stormy night. I was lost. There was a pub. In I came through the door. I shook the rain from my hat and coat. After a moment, I realized something was wrong. There was silence. I looked around the pub. Unfriendly men were looking at me. I smiled, walked to a table, sat down, and waited for someone to take my order. No one came. I didn’t look up. I was chilled and afraid. I felt unwelcome, utterly alone. I waited. The silence seemed dangerous. Suddenly I slammed my fist on the table and yelled, “What the hell are you looking at!”

  The class roared with laughter. I hadn’t realized it was funny. But what surprised me most was that, while I had been aware that I was on stage the entire time, that awareness was not in the least distracting. My concentration was on this strange thing happening to me in the pub of my mind. My fantasy was as real to me as anything I had ever experienced. My feelings were totally free and bubbling up in me. It was a strong emotion to feel so isolated in that pub, or maybe on that stage. My instinct took me to this bold, unpredictable choice: to blow up and yell. I hadn’t thought of doing that. It just happened.

  It was thrilling. I felt alive. I thought to myself afterwards, This must be what it feels like when you’re the soloist in the middle of the Tchaikovsky Violin Concerto and not the bass trombonist in the back of the orchestra. But it was a feeling I recognized from my trombone playing, too, when I was working with a great conductor and a great orchestra. I would let go of fear and trust myself completely. That was always when I did my best work, as if I were improvising on the notes of the music—even though, being a classically trained musician rather than a jazz player, I learned to do my improvisation on the notes given me, instead of making them up.

  When I formally took up the study of acting, I learned more from the books I read than from any of my classes. I began, like almost everyone else in the 1960s, with Stanislavski. Then came Richard Boleslavsky’s The First Six Lessons, Michael Chekhov’s The Actor at Work, Viola Spolin’s Theater Games, Michel Saint-Denis’s Theater: The Real Discovery of Style, and books by Peter Brook, Antonin Artaud, and Jerzy Grotowsky. I explored their work and tried out their ideas for myself Some of it seemed to work immediately. Some of it worked for a while and then became a problem, so I abandoned it. Some of it affected me only years later in my work on stage and in film. But all of it inspired me and gave me a framework for thinking about acting that I couldn’t get as directly in class.

  It was An Actor Prepares, though, that became my bible. I took every page, every exercise to heart. I became the “student” to whom Stanislavski continually refers in the book, the student striving to become an actor, the student guided by Stanislavski into the profound search for truth. I have to say that when I talk about Stanislavski, I’m still moved. It was a thrilling way to enter the world of theater, and I know it was my personal explorations with An Actor Prepares that gave me the confidence to test my wings.

  When I
started acting professionally, which was very soon after I began my studies, I approached my work on stage as Stanislavski outlines. I analyzed the script for the basic motivation of the character—what Stanislavski calls “the super-objective”—and for the character’s “objective,” the motivations or actions that propelled a scene’s conflict. I wrote out my character’s history at great length. I searched endlessly within myself for personal experiences to fill the character with emotion and practiced getting into my memories for use on stage when needed, via Stanislavski’s technique of Emotion-Memory. I obsessed day and night about my character.

  It all made sense. And at first my work impressed directors and audiences. I was active, energized, effective. But after a while, I found that when I was on stage, both in rehearsal and in performance, I wasn’t as free as I knew I needed to be. I was not available in a fluid way to my feelings, to my imagination, to my instinct. I was not in the moment. And that was because I felt constrained by the techniques that were supposed to fill the scene with feeling. I was so diligently trying to “play my objective” that I was not free to do anything else on stage. I was not in a genuine state of exploration, so my acting was not surprising, to me or to the audience. I was too neat, too logical. My characters lacked the amazing variety of life.

  Feeling this way—not free but obligated, uninspired, out of touch with my feelings, instinct, and imagination—I eventually recalled that first improvisation of mine. That’s when I gave up thinking about acting strictly according to Stanislavski’s dictates, specifically the analysis. Instead of beginning my work on the character by analyzing the script scene by scene, I started improvising on the lines moment by moment. And I did this without—and this is crucial—ever changing any of the lines. It was as if I were a trombonist again, improvising on my part without taking liberties with any of the notes.

  I took the risk of simply responding to my line and the other characters’ lines without regard for anything but what I felt at the moment, what interested me right then. I explored the text on my feet in rehearsal, and kept on exploring in performance. I let go of technique and analysis. My exploration, moment by moment, became the character.

  This allowed me to feel free, and it led to a much more interesting character as well as a more creative solution to the problem of a given scene—precisely, I believe, because I was forced to rely only on myself and the text. There was no analysis of the scene to obligate me or to protect me, and therefore my instincts surfaced with energy and vigor. The character came alive, because I was already inside him.

  The character was me at that moment. I was therefore free to do whatever was provoked by the lines of dialogue. Yet my responses and choices were quite different from my usual choices in life. They surprised me, just as my responses had in the pub improvisation. I was, and still am, very shy in front of people I don’t know, and I am quiet much of the time. But I found myself responding to the character’s lines quite easily, in uncharacteristic, unplanned ways. My responses struck me as arbitrary, yet somehow at the same time connected by the lines of the text to the character.

  The lines were bouncing off parts of me I hadn’t used much—in fact, parts I didn’t even know existed. But line by line, response by response, moment by moment, they were me. Strung together by the text, though, they didn’t look or feel like me to anyone else. Only to me. And so I began to arrive at characters who were different from each other and from me, yet paradoxically were totally me.

  The most surprising thing of all was that it was easy. So much so that I could see why actors might distrust it. Art is supposed to be hard, isn’t it? The more blood we let in the process of dissecting our psyches, the better the performance, right? Maybe not! Ease not only releases us as actors, it releases the audience as well, simply to look and listen and forget that they are watching acting. They’re spared the strain of it all. They don’t know what they’re going to see, so they have to follow. It all becomes as surprising to them as it is for us. We are all now in the same moment.

  The only thing that was hard was to have the courage not to give a damn what came out, or what came next, or how unexpected the choice was. If I didn’t know, or for that matter care, where I was going moment by moment, I was more available to the text in a creative way. I remember being on stage in performance, so fully in the moment that I had no idea what the next line was. And when the moment arrived, I would take a breath and let it come to me. It always did. I’d find myself enraged at one moment, shouting the line, then the next line would come to me as delicate, loving. Instead of barreling through the script, keeping the wild modulations at bay, or doubting myself and ignoring where the impulse wanted to take me, I would take a breath, exhale, and simply let the next line come in and take me on a trip to a new place. Other actors would compliment me on my transitions, but all I was really doing was responding to each line—to each moment. It took guts not to try to control anything—to let myself go with whatever came to me or whatever interested me. It also took courage to forget about time, to take it at my own pace, being patient enough to let the lines in and see how they worked on me just then—or sometimes, to leap on a response before I had a chance to censor it.

  I began to understand that to find the most interesting character he has within him, the actor has to be open to the cheapest as well as the deepest things that play on him. He can’t censor anything, including what may seem like inappropriate choices. And because the actor doesn’t know whether a feeling is right until it comes out, he must get it out before he has a chance to choose. He must leave it to his instinct. I’m not saying that any stupid choice is going to be all right in the end. But if he doesn’t get that stupid choice out at the beginning, he will not get beyond it to the good stuff. And if a seemingly inappropriate choice works, it may be better than good. It may be great!

  There are a lot of ways to teach acting. Before Stanislavski, it was only about voice, body, and speech training. Then Stanislavski gave us a “system” of acting based on the psychology of the character and ideas of how to use oneself and one’s memories to define character. Since then, there have been many variations on Stanislavski’s system. They have all, however, been modeled in one way or another after his basic precepts—his Method. And they are all about How to Act.

  My debt to Stanislavski and the many other great acting teachers I discovered in my early reading is enormous. But any theory or analysis puts the actor in his mind, not his instinct. Once the actor feels an obligation to fulfill and justify a choice, he is not free to go anywhere else. He can no longer explore. He becomes aware of what he’s going to do and how he’s going to do it. As a result, his instinct shuts down. This is because, for all of us, anything instinctive feels dangerous. We can’t control it. Therefore the mind, reacting to danger, will often reject instinct and opt for the safe, thought-out choice. But this leaves the actor no longer on the edge. And no matter how gifted he is, he will betray his safe choice to the audience, to the camera, and to himself. The surprise, the life, will be gone from stage or film.

  Many actors fear that an instinctive approach leads to characters that are just the actor. As I discovered, the text takes care of that. Every script is different, and if the actor is truly responding without limitations to the text, each character will affect the actor in a different way. His instinct and imagination will take him to places unlike himself or his image of himself, even though they are all, moment by moment, him.

  Character is not some painted-on picture of what the actor or director thinks the character should be. The character is a real person. And so I as an actor must be real—I must be completely personal, so that the audience see a real, breathing human in front of them. My personal response to the text may be called an interpretation by critics and the audience after they see it. But for me, it is simply my response to the dialogue and action. That’s why it is believable as well as creative.

  My approach is to give up the idea of acting for what I think of
as simply allowing oneself to respond to the text. Instead of yet another method, I offer a strategy based on a radically simple idea: that the actor’s work is not to create a character but to be continually, personally responsive to the text, wherever his impulse takes him, from first read-through to final performance. If the actor trusts that, he will be transformed into the character through the text.

  For me, acting is a constantly evolving exploration rather than a progression toward a fixed goal. The character emerges in response to the text as long as the actor is in a state of exploration with it, line by line, every moment. And in order to do this one has to let go of technique, control, propriety, preconceived notions, obligations, and, most difficult, the fear of being foolish, and the fear that you won’t find the character if you work this way.

  This book is about letting yourself become the character, and about a way not to Act. It’s about how to throw away technique so that instinct can surface. It’s about a transformation into the character that happens with ease, and with nothing to rely on but oneself and the text. I offer the actor a way to immerse himself in the script as quickly and easily as possible, to establish a direct connection between himself and the material. This exploration, moment by moment, begun alone and then continued through rehearsal and into performance on stage or before the camera, becomes the character.

  Because of the nontheoretical nature of my strategy, when I was asked to write a book about what I do, I wasn’t sure it would be possible.

  I had plenty of experience to draw on, of course. I had been coaching actors for more than thirty years, ever since I was an artist in residence at Indiana University, where I acted with the Indiana Theater Company, a classical repertory ensemble. At the time, there was a small company of undergraduates performing improvisations at a coffeehouse known as The Owl. They called themselves the Vest Pocket Players, and Kevin Kline was one of them.